Aprepitant is a medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy (chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, CINV) and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). It is a selective antagonist of the neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor, which plays a key role in the vomiting reflex. By blocking the action of substance P, a neurotransmitter involved in the vomiting process, Aprepitant helps reduce the likelihood of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer treatment or surgery. It is often used in combination with other antiemetics like 5-HT3 antagonists and corticosteroids for enhanced efficacy. Common side effects include fatigue, headache, and constipation. Aprepitant is typically administered orally or intravenously, depending on the clinical situation.
